还债与说理:试论赵树理的“难题”小说
李静
北京大学 中文系, 北京 100871
起止页码: 8--14页
DOI: 10.13559/j.cnki.hbgd.2015.03.002
摘要：
传统的文学史研究将赵树理的小说定位为"问题小说"。然而，赵氏小说始终在应对实践中的"难题"，而非观念中的"问题"。他的小说产生于基层工作的经验中，"债"与"理"正是赵树理所要处理的最为急迫的"难题"。具体而言，"债"不仅来自道德化的历史观念和等级秩序，也源自20世纪30年代以来华北农村保护型经纪衰落，盈利型经纪兴起，华北小农普遍无产化的历史命运。摆脱债务的唯一途径是打破旧"理"，创造新"理"。赵氏小说就事说"理"，将新社会建立在农民认可的新"理"之上。只有用"难题小说"来置换"问题小说"，从社会史"迂回"到文学史，才能真正跳出局限于文学史内部审美趣味的"诸神之争"，对赵树理的写作实践做出反思。
On Zhao Shuli's “Problematic” Novels:Debt Repayment and Reason
LI Jing
Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Abstract:
In the traditional literature study,Zhao Shuli's novels were considered as "question novels".However,instead of the "questions" from ideas,his creation always responded to the "problems" from practice.His novels were produced from his grass-roots work."Debt" and "reason" were the urgent "problems" that he must deal with.Specifically,"debt"firstly came from the moral perception and hierarchical order.Then it came from the rural situation in the 1930 sthat the protective broakerage declined with the rise of revenue broakerage and from the historic fate that the majority of farmers in North China went without productivity.The only way to get rid of "debt" is to establish a new set of "reason".His novel focuses on the new "reason" by telling stories.By this way,a new society could be built on the basis of identity.Only by replacing the "question" novels with the "problematic" novels and going back to literature through social history,can we step out of the misleading of disputes limited by internal aesthetic state of literary history and understand his writing practice reflectively.
收稿日期: 2015-04-17
基金项目:
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